Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Signs, Symptoms and Treatment

What is it:

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), also known as Social Phobia, is a mental health condition characterised by an intense and persistent fear of being negatively judged, criticised or rejected in social situations. Unlike common nervousness in formal settings, Social Anxiety Disorder affects everyday situations like eating in public or meeting people. This fear of embarrassment leads to avoidance of social interactions, potentially impacting personal relationships, causing loneliness, hindering success in school or work, and increasing the risk of depression and substance abuse.

Signs and Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder:

The symptoms and signs of Social Anxiety Disorder can vary from individual to individual:

Manifestation in children: Crying, tantrums, freezing and clinging to parents or caregivers. Shyness, avoiding social interactions and not speaking in social situations.

Risk factors of Social Anxiety Disorder:

• Genetics: Anxiety disorders can run in families, so there may be a genetic component at play.
• Adverse life events: Stressful or traumatic events such as abuse, violence, the death of a loved one or a prolonged illness may increase the risk. Previous bullying, humiliation or rejection can also increase the risk.
• Parenting styles: Some studies suggest that overprotective parenting can increase a child’s risk of social anxiety.

How to diagnose Social Anxiety:

To diagnose social anxiety, doctors may use detailed clinical evaluation, a thorough assessment of the individual's symptoms, medical history and family history, and a review of situations that trigger social anxiety.

Treatment options for Social Anxiety Disorder:

Treatment options for Social Anxiety Disorder typically include a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Do not self-medicate or miss and adjust doses independently. Always seek professional guidance and treatments from Mental Health Professionals.

• Medication: Mental Health Professionals can prescribe anti-anxiety medications to help alleviate the negative impacts of stress and improve mood.
• Psychotherapy (Talk therapy): Psychological treatment is where the person in distress is helped through talking with a trained and experienced therapist. Various forms of psychotherapy, including Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Group therapy/ Support Groups, and Group therapy/Support Group can be effective.

Lifestyle Changes for Coping with Social Anxiety Disorder:

• Breathing exercises, mindfulness and meditation, exercises such as yoga
• Avoiding caffeine and other stimulants
• Establishing a regular sleep routine
• Getting regular exercise and eating a balanced diet to boost overall sense of well-being

If you or someone you know is struggling with social anxiety, consider reaching out to a Mental Health Professional for guidance and support. In India, you can contact the mental health helpline Tele MANAS at 14416 OR 1-800 891 4416 available every day of the week and offering support in multiple languages.