Cardiac Arrest: How to Detect and Respond

What is it:

A cardiac arrest is an electrical problem triggered by a sudden disruption of the heart's rhythm. It is when the heart suddenly or unexpectedly stops beating due to an irregular heart rhythm. As a result, blood does not properly circulate in the body and there is a stop of blood flow to the brain and other organs. Symptoms start without warning. This is why people also call it sudden cardiac arrest. It is a serious medical emergency and a life-threatening condition that can become fatal if you do not get immediate medical attention.

Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest:

Cardiac arrest happens suddenly, often without any prior symptoms. However, some people may experience the early warning signs.

• Shortness of breath
• Extreme tiredness, dizziness or lightheadedness
• Heart palpitations (fast, fluttering or pounding heartbeat)
• Back or chest pain
• Nausea and vomiting

The most critical symptoms are the sudden loss of consciousness, lack of pulse, and absence of normal breathing, which indicate the heart has stopped pumping blood effectively.

What to Do:

If you feel you are having a Cardiac Arrest

• If you are the one having symptoms immediately share with someone family, neighbour, colleague, or friend.
• Try to stay as calm as possible to prevent further strain on your heart.
• Sit or lie down to prevent injury if you lose consciousness.
• If you have been prescribed medicine for heart conditions, take it as directed by your doctor.

What to do in case someone else is having cardiac arrest

Time is critical in a cardiac arrest situation.

• If you are the one having symptoms immediately share with someone family, neighbour, colleague, or friend.
• Try to stay as calm as possible to prevent further strain on your heart.
• Sit or lie down to prevent injury if you lose consciousness.
• If you have been prescribed medicine for heart conditions, take it as directed by your doctor.

Do Not:

• Quickly assess if the person is breathing and has a pulse. If not, proceed to start CPR, and continue until the person starts breathing normally
• ● Call 102 immediately to alert emergency services or drive the person to the nearest hospital where cardiac health facilities are available.

Remember, prompt CPR can significantly increase your chances of survival.

Prevention:

While not all cases of cardiac arrest can be prevented, managing risk factors can significantly reduce the likelihood. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, avoiding smoking, and managing chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes are key preventive measures.

By understanding its causes, recognizing early warning signs, and knowing how to respond can make a profound difference in outcomes.