Cancer in men and women- What You Need to Know

Introduction:

Cancer is a group of diseases characterised by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. These cells can form tumours, invade surrounding tissues, and spread to other parts of the body. Both men and women are at risk for developing various types of cancer, though certain cancers are more prevalent in each gender.

The most common cancers in women include breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer. In men, the most common cancers are prostate cancer, lung cancer, and oral cancer. Other types of cancer that can occur include liver cancer, skin cancer, colon and rectum cancer and stomach cancer.

Common cancers:

• Oral cancer commonly known as mouth cancer can affect various parts of the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, floor of the mouth, roof of the mouth (hard and soft palates), sinuses, and throat (pharynx). It is more common in men than in women. This type of cancer often starts as a small sore, lump or ulcer that does not heal or go away over time. Oral cancer can spread to nearby tissues, including lymph nodes, bones and other areas like the head and neck if not detected and treated early. It is a serious condition that can lead to difficulties such as speaking, eating or swallowing.

  Read More: What You Should Know About Oral Cancer

• Breast cancer which is the most common globally, typically originates in the breast tissues. It can be identified as lump thickening or swelling in the breast or underarm, changes in the size or shape of the breast, nipple inversion and changes in skin texture. If left untreated, the tumours can metastasise leading to complex treatments that could be fatal. Early detection and intervention can ensure high recovery and survival rates.

  Read More: What is Liver Cancer and Why it is Important

• Lung cancer is a serious condition characterised by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs, leading to the formation of tumours or masses of tissue. It primarily begins in the cells lining the airways (bronchi or bronchioles) or in the small air sacs (alveoli) and can spread to other parts of the body. There are two main types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer and Small cell lung cancer. These are treated differently and usually aren’t referred to as lung cancer

  Read More: Preventing Lung Cancer

• Cervical cancer originates in the lower uterus and is caused by persistent high-risk HPV infection, and ranks fourth among cancers in women. Symptoms include bleeding between periods or abnormal periods, heavier or longer periods, watery vaginal discharge and pelvic pain or pain during intercourse. Even if a woman has HPV she may or may not get cervical cancer. Early detection and treatment greatly improve survival rates. Educating women about the importance of regular screenings and HPV vaccination is vital in the fight against cervical cancer.

  Read More: Cervical Cancer - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

• Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, which are a part of the female reproductive system. Many times symptoms such as Abdominal bloating or swelling, discomfort in the pelvic area, fatigue, and back pain, are overlooked or can be confused with indigestion. This is a and is silent can as it is designed in advanced stages making it more dangerous However, if detected early the chances of survival are far higher.

  Read More: Ovarian Cancer

• Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men. The prostate gland is located below the bladder. This cancer occurs when cells in the prostate begin to grow uncontrollably. Some prostate cancers are slow-growing and may not cause serious health issues, while others can be aggressive and spread quickly to other parts of the body. If detected early when it is confined to the gland, the chance of successful treatment is high.

  Read More: Prostate Cancer: What You Need to Know

General Warning Signs of Cancer

Cancer symptoms vary depending on the type and location, but general warning signs include:

• Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A wound that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
• Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
• Obvious change in a wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness of voice

How to diagnose cancer:

Healthcare providers begin a cancer diagnosis by doing a complete physical examination of your symptoms and your family history.

• Other tests include blood tests, urine tests, and cancer Antigen tests, for specific cancers.
• Imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds
• A biopsy, or genetic testing

Treatment option:

Each cancer is different, a combination of treatments may be needed which is suggested by your cancer specialist. Starting treatment on time and following it without breaks is important for better recovery. Treatment options include surgery to remove tumours, chemotherapy to kill cancer cells and radiation therapy to shrink or destroy them. Other treatments like targeted therapy, immunotherapy and hormone therapy help in specific cancers, while stem cell transplants are used for blood cancers. Early detection, timely treatment and proper care improve survival and quality of life.

Prevention of Cancer:

• Avoid tobacco & limit alcohol; If tobacco and alcohol both are consumed by an individual, the risk is multifold
• Early detection through routine screening
• Consume plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, avoid fast foods
• Get vaccinated for HPV & hepatitis B
• Avoid sexually transmitted infection
• Avoid radiation, do not get X-rays done without medical advice

Cancer is treatable especially if diagnosed at the early stage, you can lead a healthy, long life after being treated. The key lies in early detection and timely treatment. Stay alert and consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice based on your individual health history and risk factors.